BASIL: For acne that hasn't seemed to respond to anything: Use 2-3 tsp. dried basil leaves to 1 cup boiling water. Steep 10-20 min. Cool, and apply with cotton ball.

OATMEAL, VANILLA EXTRACT & BAKING SODA: Combine 1 c. oatmeal, 1 c. warm water, 1 Tb. vanilla extract, and 1/2 c. baking soda in a blender or food processor until you have a smooth paste. Pour this paste under the running water while drawing the bath. Very soothing to dry, itchy skin.

OATMEAL, EGG, LEMON, & APPLE: For oily skin, mix 1/2 c. cooked oatmeal, 1 egg white, 1 Tb. lemon juice, and 1/2 c. mashed apple into a smooth paste. Apply to face and leave on 15 min. Rinse.

CORNSTARCH & GLYCERIN: Mix 2 Tb. cornstarch, 2 Tb. glycerin, and 1/2 c. water until smooth. Heat in a small pan placed in a water bath inside another pan. Heat until thick and clear; it will have the consistency of pudding. Do not boil. Cool completely. Use in place of soap to cleanse your skin. (If jelly is too thick, you may thin it by adding a little water, one Tb. at a time, until you reach the desired consistency.)

VODKA, FENNEL, & HONEY: Combine 2 Tb. vodka, 1 Tb. fennel seeds, and 1 1/2 tsp. honey. Stir well and allow to sit for 3 days. Strain mixture. Use full strength or add 2 Tb. water to dilute. Use a cotton ball to apply to face as a toner. This was also a tried and true recipe for wrinkles. (And I have tried this one and can vouch for its effectiveness...I love it...)

SEA SALT RUB

4 C. kosher or sea salt 6 oz. water 2 oz. almond oil Mix well. After wetting entire body in tub or shower, gently rub handsful of the salt mixture all over, starting with the feet and working up. Use firm, vertical strokes or a circular motion. Rinse body and repeat the massaging process with a loofah lathered with grainy soap. Rinse again. Your skin will feel smooth and clean.

1 qt. oil (from list below)

4 to 8 drops essential oil (optional)

1 oz. herbs (from list below)

Combine ingredients and bring to a boil in a glass or enamel pan. Simmer 20 minutes, then cool. Strain through a double layer of cheesecloth. Add essential oil for scent, if desired. Store in a labeled, light-proof bottle.

Oils: Corn, safflower, soy, olive, peanut, apricot kernel, almond, avocado or walnut, or any combination

Herbs for dry skin: Alfalfa, rose, chamomile.

For oily skin: Lemongrass, witch hazel, marigold.

For stimulation: Peppermint, rosemary, thyme.

For relaxation: Sage, catnip, chamomile.

Put 1/2 cup of oatmeal with 1/4 cup of baking soda into a stocking. Put into a tub of warm running water and gently squeeze the oatmeal bag periodically to release more of the mixture into the bath. This is very good for dry, irritated, itchy skin.

2 oz honey

2 T. cocoa butter, melted
4 T. olive oil, warmed
4 T. orange juice
2 drops essential oil in Orange flower or orange

Mix 20 drops fragrance or essential oil per 1/2 cup of almond oil.

Are day and night creams the same?

No, they are not. Night creams differ from day creams in many ways. Night creams contain a larger amount of concentrated oils, that are made to work with the skin, as it renews itself while you sleep.

Never apply your perfume with your fingers. Oil from your fingers can contaminate your bottle and affect the fragrance. Use a perfume that comes in a spray form, or use an atomizer. You can also apply the perfume to a cotton ball and then apply to your skin.

* Oily Skin or Acne Prone *
Tea Tree
Chamomile
Lavender and Rose

* Dry Skin *
Patchouli Lavender and Bergamot

* Normal Skin *
Bergamot,
Lavender and

Rose

Geranium

FOR THE BEAUTY CONSCIOUSE...
Tea has been shown in numerous studies to reduce skin damage, aid weight loss, slow aging, fight viruses, relieve stress, & have a beneficial affect on health.

Rice: Absorbs skin oils, contains amino acids and sugars that enhance resiliency.

Ginger: Stimulates circulation, warms the skin, heightens senses.

Soy: Heals, moisturizes; most often incorporated in skin care products.

Jasmine: Has smoothing effect on skin; prized for a sweet fragrance reminiscent of the tropics.

Green Tea: Antioxidant

Mix well and apply around your eyes. Cover with damp cool gauze or cotton for 10-15 min. Rinse with cool water.

2 cups epsom salt

1 tablespoon glycerine

2-3 drops perfume or essential oil

Place ingredients into a large mixing bowl and mix together. Use a funnel and pour mixture into a clean, clear jar. Decorate the jar if you wish.

Aloe gel Ultrafine glitter (at least a teaspoon) Squeeze aloe gel to fill clean small baby food or small plastic jar. Pour glitter into jar and stir. Apply directly onto skin. Avoid contact with eyes and mouth.

Uplifting, refreshing and relaxing. Encourages cheerful emotions and ideal for depression. Its delicate, sweet aroma can also be used to freshen and uplift a room. Citrus Bergamia is a small tree about 4.5m high with smooth oval leaves. It belongs to the same family as the orange tree. The essential oil comes from the small round fruits which ripen from green to yellow, similar to oranges in appearance.

Distribution

Native to Morocco and tropical Asia it is grown commercially in the Ivory Coast and is extensively cultivated in Southern Italy. It was first cultivated around Bergamo, from where it takes its name.

History / Traditions

The fruit has been used for hundreds of years in Italian folk medicine. However the fruit was unknown outside Italy and wasn't exported until recent times. The oil was primarily used for the treatment of fever and intestinal worms.

Extraction

The essential oil is produced by cold expression of the peel of the nearly ripe fruit. Although many oils are produced by mechanical processes, the best quality oil is produced by hand.

General Description

The oil is a light greenish yellow liquid with an uplifting citrus aroma and balsamic overtones. On aging the oil turns to a brownish olive color. The oil is known to have about 300 components the main being linalyl acetate 30-60%; linalol 11-22% and other alcohols, sesquiterpenes, terpenes, alkanes, and furocoumarins 0.3-0.39%

Aromatherapy uses

Bergamot oil has a strong affinity for the urinary tract and is valuable in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis. It should be used in the bath or as a local wash at a 1% dilution. In helping with mental and psychological states, Bergamot is most valuable for its uplifting effects. For tension anxiety or depression, bergamot should be used in a massage oil or in a dally bath. The fragrance blends well with lavender, neroli, jasmine, geranium, chamomile, lemon, cypress and juniper. bergamot can be used in the treatment of tensions causing dietary problems such as over and under eating. The antiseptic qualities of Bergamot make it ideal for the treatment of skin complaints such as acne, oily skin and all infections of the skin. Bergamot is cooling in feverish conditions and has effective insect repellent properties. Bergamot has an inhibiting effect on certain viruses, in particular Herpes simplex 1 which causes cold sores. Bergamot will also reduce the pain of shingles and ease chicken pox in small children. Bergamot is used extensively as a fragrance and is also found in toiletries and cologne.

Safety data

Certain furocumarins (including bergapten found in Bergamot) are photo toxic on human skin. This causes sensitivity and skin pigmentation when exposed to sunlight. Therefore exercise caution when using Bergamot in sunny weather. Bergamot should never be used undiluted on the skin. Severe burning may result.

CEDARWOOD JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA

With a dry woody aroma, this oil is ideal for soothing, harmonizing and focusing the mind. Antiseptic and astringent properties are beneficial to oily skin. Cedarwood oil was possibly the first essential oil to be extracted from a plant and was used by the Egyptians in the mummification process, they also valued it highly as an ingredient for cosmetics and impregnated papyrus leaves with it to protect them from insects. They used the wood to extensively to make jewelry, furniture and ships. They valued cedarwood so highly that the Lebanon area (which produced Cedrus Libani) was incorporated into the Egyptian Empire in order to ensure a regular supply.

Description

Many fragrant or sweet-smelling woods are known as cedar. But, there are actually only four species of the true cedars. They are stately evergreen trees, whose branches grow in flat tiers or layers with clusters of needle-like leaves. The evergreen tree belongs to the coniferous family and is very slow growing. They eventually reach a height of up to thirty three meters and a possible trunk diameter of one and a half meters.

The heartwood is reddish in color and the branches will bear cones. It is referred to as Red Cedar and is closely related to the yellow cedar (Thuja Occidentalis), from which thuja oil is obtained. Thuja oil is however not used in Aromatherapy due to its high content of thujone, which makes it very toxic. One of the distinguishing features of the cedars is their large barrel shaped female cones. They are green or purplish in color and are made up of overlapping scales which have claw like projections.

History / Traditions

The North American Indians used cedarwood for respiratory infections, in particular catarrh. The leaves, bark, twigs and fruit all played a crucial part in treating a variety of ailments including menstrual delay, rheumatism, arthritis, skin rashes, kidney disease and much more. It is a very powerful insect and vermin repellent and is used against mosquitoes, moths, woodworm, and rats. It has also been used with citronella as a commercial insecticide.

Extraction

Production is through steam distillation of the wood shaving and sawdust. Oil yields vary from 2.5% to 5%, with an average of 3.5%.

Details of Oil

It is a pale yellow color, which on rectification, gives a water-white oil. The odor is oily, woody and almost sweet, mild and pleasant. It is slightly balsamic and very reminiscent of the wood. It is an oil which is commercially viable in several forms due to the process of rectification. Light fractions have a high percentage of cedrene, whilst more common cedarwood, available on the market has the 'typical' cedarwood odor.

Properties

Abortifacient, Antiseborrheoic (helps control the production of sebum), Antiseptic (Pulmonary - genito - urinary) Antispasmodic, Astringent, Balsamic, Diuretic, Insecticide, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Sedative (nervous), Stimulant (Circulatory).

Physical and Psychological Effects

Tends to be useful for long-standing complaints rather than acute ones. A combined toxic action on the glandular and nervous systems help put the body back in balance, thereby regulating homeostasis. Its main effect (due to its expectorant properties) is on the respiratory tract and may help ease bronchitis, coughs and catarrh. Excess phlegm is curbed through its drying effect. It also reduces problems concerned with the genito-urinary tract, particularly where there is burning pain. It has a tonic effect on the kidneys. The astringent and antiseptic properties are of greatest benefit to oily skin conditions It helps acne, aids in clearing scabs and pus, and chronic conditions such as dermatitis and psoriasis. It is a good hair tonic and can be effective against dandruff, alopecia and seborrhoea. Skin softening properties can be enhanced when mixed with Frankincense and Cypress. Nervous tension and anxious states benefit greatly by its soothing and calming action. It can also be effective for arthritis and rheumatism.

Blends

The oil is clear and relatively viscid. Like Sandalwood oil, it blends well with Rose, Juniper, Vetiver, Patchouli, Benzoin and Cypress. It somewhat resembles Sandalwood, but its fragrance is a bit hotter and more toxic.

Safety and Contra Indications

Externally is it fairly non-toxic, but can cause local irritation and sensitization in some people. Only used diluted and in moderation. It should be avoided during pregnancy because it is a powerful abortifacient.

Other uses

Extensively used in rooms sprays and household insect repellents. It's pleasant aroma is released nicely when used in a burner (particularly when mixed with Sandalwood).

Components

Cedarine 26.6%, Thujopsene 18.9%, other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 13.3%, Cedrol 31.6% and Widdol 4.8%.

With its distinctive apple, herb aroma this oil aids sleep and soothes tired muscles. It also encourages emotional peace and calm with a gently calming effect on mind, body and emotions. An excellent oil for dry, sensitive and allergic skins.

Deeply relaxing and euphoric. Eases feelings of depression and helps when feeling run down emotionally and physically. Contains sensual properties and has a nutty pervasive fragrance.

A perennial or biennial herb with large hairy green leaves with a hint of purple. The flowers are small and blue growing out from large pinkish bracts. Branches of these bracts radiate in pairs from a spectacular central stem often reaching 1.5 meters in height. Other members of the Sage family include garden sage (S. Officinalis) and Spanish sage (S. Lavendulaefolia)

Distribution

It is native to Southern Europe and is cultivated in the Mediterranean region, Russia, USA, England, Morocco and Central Europe. The French, English and Moroccan sage are considered to be of the best quality for perfumery work.

History / Traditions

It is believed that the word 'Clary' is derived from the Latin 'clarus' meaning clear. It was called 'Clear eye' in the middle ages since it was known for its ability to heal eye problems. Although it was highly esteemed in the middle ages, it has largely fallen out of use. It was used for digestive disorders, kidney disease, uterine and menstrual complaints, for cleansing ulcers and as a general nerve tonic. The mucilage from the seeds was used for treating tumors and for removing dust particles from the eyes. Like garden sage, it cools inflammation and is especially useful for throat and respiratory infections.

Extraction

The flowering tops of the plant and the leaves are used and is extracted by steam distillation. A concrete and absolute are also produced by solvent extraction in small quantities.

Details of Oil

The oil is a colorless or pale yellow/green liquid with a saturating nutty, sweet, and heady aroma. The oil blends well with juniper, lavender, geranium, sandalwood, cedarwood, pine, jasmine, frankincense, bergamot and other citrus oils. Sage oil has antispasmodic qualities and it serves as an effective relaxant and sedative. In addition, the oil is antibacterial, anticonvulsive, antiseptic, astringent, cholesterol reducing and cicatrisant.

Uses

Emotional: The oil has uplifting qualities making it suitable for the treatment of depression, anxiety, tension and mental fatigue. The oil may also prove effective in the treatment of migraine and stress related disorders.

Respiratory: The calming and anti-inflammatory qualities can help to relieve sore throats and hoarseness.

Skin: The soothing qualities make sage useful for all skin inflammations including boils and acne. Sage can help to preserve moisture in dry skin. Benefits have also been shown in treating hair loss and dandruff.

Circulatory: The calming effect of sage can help to relieve high blood pressure.

Gynecological: Sage can help to relieve P.M.S. and menstrual pain and help to establish menstrual regularity. Sage can also help to soothe swollen breasts and prevent hot flushes.

Digestive: Sage can have a calming influence on colic, cramp and dyspepsia.

Other Uses

The Oil and the absolute are used as fragrance components. The oil is also used by the food and drink industry, especially in the production of wines with a Muscatel flavor. German wine makers have used clary sage to improve the flavor of inexpensive wine.

Safety data

Avoid it use during pregnancy and use cautiously in conjunction with HRT. Alcohol should be avoided after use as the combination induce a narcotic effect which exaggerates drunkenness.

Components

Up to 75% linalyl acetate, linlol, pinene, myrcene and phellandrene. The constituents vary according to the geographical origin so there are several different chemotypes.

CYPRESS CYPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS

A rich woody aroma helps to build emotional and mental resolve. An effective foot bath and deodorant.

EUCALYPTUS EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS

The well known camphoraceos aroma is stimulating and cleansing, especially in the winter months. It is a powerful, penetrating bactericidal and anti-viral oil. Often used in hospitals and to aid the sick.

Aids meditation, fortifies and quiets the mind. Encourages feelings of well being. A lasting and resinous aroma.

Frankincense was one of the most highly praised substances of the ancient world. It has become synonymous with the term 'incense'. Known simply as encens (incense) in France, the English word derives from the old French 'franc encens' franc here meaning lavish. An excellent oil for soothing and calming. It is ideal to use for male or female treatments as its aroma is not overtly masculine or feminine.

Description

It is a small tree or shrub with abundant pinnate leaves and white or pale pink flowers. The plant has a distinctive woody, spicy aroma with a hint of lemon. The plant yields a natural oleo gum which is collected by making incisions in the bark. A milky white liquid is given off which solidifies into tear-shaped amber lumps varying in size from 1 to 4cm. Native to the Red Sea regions it grows wild throughout North East Africa. The gum is produced mainly in Somalia, China, South Arabia, and India.

History / Traditions

Frankincense has strong religious connections which continue to this day. Burnt at altars in Egypt as an offering to the gods and used to aid meditation. It was also used to fumigate the sick, the aim being to banish the evil spirits responsible for the illness. Often combined with Cinnamon, Frankincense was used to soothe aching limbs. It was highly valued almost as much as gold. The Chinese found it helpful in the treatment of Scrofula (Tuberculosis of the lymph glands) as well as Leprosy.

Extraction

The oil is derived by steam distillation from selected oleo gum resin. (approx.3- 10% oil to 60 - 70% resin). An absolute is also produced for use as a fixative.

Details of Oil

The oils has a base note and a long lasting aroma. Its color is pale yellow to green and is fairly fluid. The whitish gum has to be dissolved and distilled to produce the essential oil

Properties

Antiseptic, Astringent, Carmative, Cicatrisant, Cytophylactic, Digestive, Diuretic, Sedative, Tonic, Utherine, Vulnerary.

Physical Effects

It has a pronounced effect on the mucous membranes and is particularly helpful in clearing the lungs. Very good for respiration and it eases breathing, therefore useful for asthma sufferers. A good remedy for catarrhal conditions and it regulates secretions. It has a soothing action on head colds, coughs, bronchitis and laryngitis.

Because of its action on the genito-urinary tract, it may have a beneficial effect on cystitis, nephritis and genital infections. It also has astringent properties which may help uterine hemorrhages and heavy periods. Its calming action is said to be of value during labor, for breast inflammation, and post-natal depression. Digestive problems may also be relieved.

The excellent astringent properties make it an excellent tonic for the skin. Frankincense helps rejuvenate mature complexions, smoothes wrinkles and helps to balance oily skin conditions. Also effective for ulcers, scar tissue, wounds and inflammation.

Psychological Effects

It has a calming effect and slows the breathing. Produces feelings of calmness and tends to bring about an elevating, soothing effect on the mind. Its comforting action is helpful for anxious and obsessive states linked to the past.

Blends

Blends well with Basil, Geranium, Black Pepper, Grapefruit, Lavender, Melissa, Patchouli, Pine, and Sandalwood.

Safety

A very safe oil, non-toxic, non-irritating, and non-sensitizing. Always needs to be diluted and is used for external use only.

Other uses

The gum and oil are used as fixatives and fragrance components in soaps, cosmetics and perfumes. It is especially common is oriental, spice and men's fragrances. Also found in liniments and throat pastilles. Extensively used in the manufacture of incense and used in minute amounts in some foods.

Sustaining, relaxing and restoring. It has a strong strengthening effect, balances emotions, raises energy reserves while soothing the mind and body. Balances sebum and is therefore suitable for all skin types. Has a penetrating floral perfume.

There are several aromatic pelargoniums. This particular variety grows to about two feet high and has serrated, pointed leaves with small pink flowers. The whole plant is aromatic. It is found on waste land, in hedgerows and on the outskirts of woods. There are several oil producing species, but pelargonium gravelolens is the main one commercially cultivated for its oil. It is native to South Africa and widely cultivated in Russia, Egypt, Congo, Japan, Central America and Europe.

History / Traditions

It was used by the ancients as a remedy for wounds and tumors. The essence is clear to light green with a delightful scent. The British plant geranium robertianum and the American cranesbill geranium maculatum are the most widely used types in herbal medicine today.

Extraction

Essential oils are extracted by steam distillation from the leaves, stalks and flowers. An absolute and concrete are also produced in Morocco.

Details of Oil

Non-toxic, non-irritant, and generally non-sensitizing. Possible contact dermatitis in hypersensitive individuals, especially with the bourbon type oil. Geranium blends well with lavender, patchouli, clove, rose, sandalwood, jasmine, juniper, neroli, bergamot and other citrus oils. The bourbon oil is a greenish-olive liquid with a rosy-sweet, minty scent. The bourbon oil is generally preferred in perfumery work.

Properties

It is a mild analgesic and sedative. It may be used for neuralgia and where there is pain of perhaps more nervous that physical origin. As an analgesic-cicatrisant-antiseptic, it is an excellent and effective remedy for burns. Geranium can be used in the treatment of inflammation, due to its mild, soothing effect. The action on the nervous system is pronounced, being a sedative with uplifting characteristics. It is a stimulant of the adrenal cortex and can be used to balance the production of androgens or octoroons, such as occurs during the menopause. Geranium is a good insecticide due to its terpine content and is specifically effective as a mosquito repellent. It can also be used in the treatment of lice and ringworm. Geranium has great value in skin care and can be used on almost any type of skin.

Other Uses

Used as a fragrance in all kinds of cosmetic products including soaps, creams, and perfumes. It is extensively used as a flavoring agent in most major food categories, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks.

Components

Citronellol geraniol, linalol, isomenthone, menthone, phellandrene, sabinene.

GRAPEFRUIT CITRUS PARADISI

Refreshing and reviving, especially when feeling down. This oil clears the mind and uplifts the spirits. A sharp, clear citrus fragrance.

JASMINE ABSOLUTE JASMINUM OFFICINALE

The heady, exotic perfume uplifts and nurtures as well as boosting confidence. An emotionally warming sensual oil. Helpful for post-natal recovery and a good skin tonic.

Purifying and eliminating with a clear woody aroma. This oil clears emotional overload and helps to cleanse the body of impurities. A great tonic for oily or congested skin.

The genus juniperus contains more than 70 species of aromatic evergreens. The species most widely used in healing is common juniper and grows 6-20ft high. Its tangled spreading branches are covered with reddish brown bark, sticky gum and pointed half inch bluish-green needles.

The male plant produces yellow flowers and the females green flowers. The females also produce scaly, green quarter inch aromatic cones (berries) that turn blue-black during their two year maturation. Immature and mature berries are produced simultaneously but it is only the mature ones which are harvested. They are dried in the sun until they turn black and stored in airtight containers to preserve the volatile oil. The potency of the berries varies according to the region in which they were grown.

Two types of essential oils are distilled from this shrub. Juniper berry oil is the better quality and the one recommended for therapeutic use. A cheaper and less effective alternative is juniper oil which includes the berries, leaves and branches. Occasionally a poorer quality juniper oil is produced by adding berries that have been partially distilled in the making of Gin. Both types are sometimes sold under the name of 'Juniper Berry Oil'.

History / Traditions

Juniper has a long tradition of use. It was used by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks to ward off infections as well as being used as part of the embalming process. They also used juniper berries for a variety of medical purposes including flatulence and indigestion. During the middle ages, Europeans believed planting a juniper bush beside the front door kept witches out. Unfortunately this did not work if the witch could correctly guess the number of needles on the bush. Junipers protective reputation evolved into the belief that its smoke prevented leprosy and bubonic plague. As recently as the Second World War, French nurses burnt juniper springs in hospital wards to fumigate them. The essential oil was used in body massage to treat fever and smallpox. By the 17th century, juniper was discovered to be a powerful diuretic. In the 19th century, the Americans dismissed the use of juniper in childbirth but endorsed it strongly for congestive heart disease. They also prescribed it externally for eczema and psoriasis and internally for gonorrhea, bladder and kidney infections. Contemporary herbalists recommend juniper externally as an antiseptic and internally for bladder infections, arthritis, intestinal cramps, and gout.

Extraction

The essential oil is obtained by steam distillation.

Details of Oil

Juniper oil is colorless to pale yellow when freshly distilled but grows darker and thicker with age. The fresh woody aroma is similar to cypress, but sharper and more peppery.

Properties

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, depurative, diuretic, nervine, emmenagogue, parasiticide, rebefacient, sedative, stomachic, sudorific, tonic and vulnerary.

Physical Effects

Circulatory: Stimulant and diuretic, helps to lower blood pressure, cleanses the body, strengthens the kidneys, and relieves fluid retention. Also used for cellulite, varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

Genito-Urinary: Diuretic, helpful for irregular or painful menstruation, invaluable when breasts are swollen during menstruation.

Digestive: Antiseptic, relieves indigestion, flatulence, diarrhea and colic. Cleanses the liver after too much rich food and alcohol.

Immune system: Colds, flu and infections.

Muscular: Tonic and stimulant, useful for muscular aches and pains and rheumatism.

Skin: Astringent and cleansing, beneficial for acne, oily skin, greasy hair, dandruff, hair loss, weeping eczema and wounds.

Emotional: Calming and a tonic, helpful in overcoming anxiety, insomnia and mental fatigue.

Blends

It blends well with frankincense, rosemary, sandalwood, cedarwood, cypress, clary sage, pine, lavender and geranium.

Contra Indications

Juniper is an abortifacient and must not be used during pregnancy. High doses of juniper causes kidney irritation and possible kidney damage. Therefore it should not be used by anyone with kidney infections or a history of kidney impairment.

Other uses

The berries and extracts are used in diuretic and laxative preparations. It is also used in veterinary medicine to prevent ticks and fleas. Juniper is common as a fragrance component of soaps, detergents, cosmetics and perfumes (especially spicy fragrances and aftershaves). It is also used extensively in many food products, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. In Holland, its use in Gin making dates back to the 17th century.

Components

Cedarine 26.6%, Thujopsene 18.9%, other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 13.3%, Cedrol 31.6% and Widdol 4.8%. Terpenes: Camphene, pinene, limonene, myrcene, sabinene. Sesquiterpines: Caryophllene, cadinene, elemene. Alcohols: Borneol, terpineol.

LAVENDER LAVANDULA OFFICINALIS

Clear light flowery aroma, versatile oil for relaxing and balancing for mind and body. Aids sleep, soothes tired muscles, benefits the immune system encourages stillness and tranquility. Has some antiseptic qualities and is useful for the skin.

LEMON CITRUS LIMONUM

Refreshes and cools bringing clarity to mind and emotions restoring vitality acting as a tonic to the circulatory system. Has beneficial effects on the immune system, is cleansing on the skin.

LIME CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA

An uplifting, energizing oil with a sweet fragrance. Uplifts and restores vigour aiding recovery during convalescence. Has an astringent tonic action on the skin.

Fruity, tangy and citrus with a gentle cheering effect. Soothing effect upon the digestive system. Can be used in pregnancy with neroli to avoid stretch marks.

A small glossy evergreen tree up to six meters high with fragrant flowers and bearing fleshy fruit.

History / Traditions

In France, Mandarin is regarded as a safe remedy for indigestion. It is also used for the elderly as it helps to strengthen the digestive system and the liver. Native to Southern China and the Far East, it was brought to Europe in 1805 and to America forty years later. The fruit takes its name from the fact that it was traditionally offered as gifts to the Mandarins.

Extraction

The essential oil is extracted by cold compression of the outer peel. A Mandarin Petitgrain oil is also produced in small quantities by steam distillation of the leaves and twigs.

Details of Oil

The essential oil has a delicate aroma true to the scent of the fruit. It is golden yellow in color with a slight blue/violet fluorescent tint in bright light. It blends well with other citrus oils, especially neroli, and spice oils such as nutmeg, cinnamon and clove.

Properties

Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, laxative, sedative, stimulant (digestive and lymhatic) tonic. A major application of Mandarin is used in treating digestive problems because of its stimulating effect on both the stomach and the liver. Its effect on the intestines is calming and has been found to be even more effective when used in synergistic combination with other citrus oils. Because of its gentle action, mandarin is often regarded in France as a children's remedy. It is often used to treat stomach upsets, burps and hiccups.

Mandarin is one of the oils that is safe to use during pregnancy. It is also useful for treating acne, oily skin and as a treatment for fluid retention and obesity.

Other Uses

Mandarin oil is used in soaps, cosmetics, perfumes and colognes. It is also used as a flavoring agent in liqueurs, sweets and drinks.

Safety data

Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Possibly photo toxic although this has not been demonstrated decisively.

Components

The major constituents are limonene,metylmethylanthraniate and small amounts of geraniol, citral and citronellal.

MARJORAM ORIGANUM MARJORANA

A warm and spicy aroma with comforting tones. Eases loneliness and grief, and relaxes muscles after sports or work. Aids sleep and rest.

NEROLI CITRUS AURANTIUM

A lingering bitter sweet aroma and is very relaxing and soothing. Brings feelings of peace serenity. Good for ageing, dry, or sensitive skin. It can be balancing in times of shock and hysteria.

Refreshing and uplifting. Gently soothing while promoting clear thought. Helps all skin types and is especially useful fordry skin. Light floral aroma.

PATCHOULI POGOSTEMON CABLIN

Deep earthy, sensual, grounding oil which uplifts the spirit whilst clearing the mind. Moisturizing for dry skin. A musky, exotic, lingering aroma.

PEPPERMINT MENTHA ARVENSIS

Stimulating and penetrating. Clears the head and soothes the emotions, eases the digestive system, and relieves tired feet. A piercing menthol fragrance.

With a deep and luxurious floral aroma, this oil is both soothing and uplifting. It is great when sad or tired and a tonic for the female reproductive system. Truly a sensual and delightful oil, romantic, creative, and gently cheering.

A small prickly shrub growing to 1- 2 meters in height with very fragrant pink blooms. The leaves are whitish with hairs. The plant is very specific in its choice of soil and climate. It is believed to be native to the Orient. Now cultivated mainly in Bulgar, Turkey and France. Other types are also grown in China, India and Russia. India produces only rose water and Aytar, a mixture of rose otto and sandalwood.

History / Traditions

There are a number of historical traditions associated with rose. The Greeks associated the rose with Aphrodite, goddess of love, beauty, arts and creativity. Rose is seen as the supreme oil of the 'heart chakra', the center of love. In medieval Christian tradition, the scent of rose was associated with the presence of angels.

Extraction

The essential oil is produced by steam distillation from fresh petals. A concrete and absolute is made by solvent extraction from fresh petals.

Details of Oil

A pale yellow or olive yellow liquid with a very rich, sweet and floral scent. The oil becomes semi solid under cool conditions. The oil is non toxic, non irritant and a non-sensitizing.

Properties

Rose oil is cooling, relaxing and toning. Its effects are similar to Bergamot, Geranium and Jasmine, decreasing sympathetic nervous system activity, while strengthening the parasympathetic nervous system. Rose therefore increases feelings of vitality, creating a sense of well-being.

Rose oil can be used in the treatment of a wide range of stress related conditions and can be used for hyperactivity in children. Rose also has a strong effect on reproduction and sexuality and is helpful for menopausal women or during heavy periods. The antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties of rose made it good for the treatment of digestive disorders such as gastroenteritis and gastric ulcers. It can help relieve feelings of nausea and help regenerate damaged intestinal walls. Rose can also be used in the treatment of skin problems. Its rejuvenating properties relieve dryness, inflammation, heat and itching of the skin.

Physical Effects

The oil is an antidepressant and counteracts inflammation. It is antiseptic, antispasmodic, an anti-tubercular agent, antiviral, astringent, bactericidal, choleratic, cicitrisant, depurative, an amenagogue, haemoststic, a regulator of appetite and a sedative. It is also a good tonic of the heart, liver, uterus and stomach.

Blends

Rose blends well with citrus oils and floral scents. Cedarwood, Coriander, Chamomile, Frankincense Sandalwood and Vanilla are all good blends.

Uses

In skin care, the oil is used for broken capillaries, conjunctivitis, dry skin, eczema and sensitive complexions. The benefits for the circulation include treatment of poor circulation, palpitations, muscles and joints. The respiratory benefits include treatment of asthma, coughs and hay fever. Digestive benefits include treatment of cholecystititis, liver congestion and nausea. Benefits for the nervous system include treatment of depression, impotence, insomnia, frigidity, headaches, nervous tension and stress related complaints.

Components

The principal constituents are Citronellol (34-55%), Geranol and Nerol (30-40%)

A powerful mental stimulant which aids memory and concentration, restores vitality and invigorates. It is helpful when overworked and has a refreshing herb and wood fragrance.

Rosemary is a shrub like herb growing to 90cm high. Evergreen pointed, narrow leaves and small pale blue flowers distinguish this plant. It flowers in late spring and early summer. There are variegated silver and gold striped varieties but the green leaved variety is the only one used for medicinal purposes. While native to the Mediterranean region, the main oil producing countries are France, Spain and Tunisia. The plant is now cultivated worldwide in California, Russia, England, France, Spain, Portugal, the middle east, Yugoslavia, Morocco and China. Other members of the rosemary family include clary sage, basil, thyme, marjoram, mint, patchouli, myrtle and hyssop.

The name is derived from the Latin 'ros maris' meaning dew of the sea based on its growth close to the sea and the appearance of the blossoms from a distance.

History / Traditions

The plant was considered sacred by the Romans and was used as a decoration for statues and paintings of the gods. The Greeks also decorated statues with rosemary wreaths. The Egyptians used the plant for incense in ritual cleansing and healing and there is evidence that it was used from the earliest recorded times.

Rosemary was said to have rejuvenating properties and was used in "Hungary water", a popular toilet water named after queen Elizabeth of Hungary. Many legends and folk tales have built up around this plant and ornaments made from rosemary were used on festive occasions as signs of love and faithfulness.

Extraction

The higher quality oil is produced by steam distillation of the leaves and the flowering tops of the plant. In Spain a lesser quality oil is produced from the whole plant. 60-70 pounds of plant material yields a pound of essential oil.

Properties of Oil

The essential oil is colorless or pale yellow. It has a strong, fresh, clear woody aroma. Poor quality oils have a strong camphoraceous note. It is an analgesic, antidepressant, antirheumatic, antieptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, cleansing, diuretic, fungicidal, hepatic, restorative, stimulant, tonic.

Aromatherapy Uses

The oil has a positive effect on the digestive system, helpful for indigestion, colitis and constipation. Being a liver and gall-bladder tonic, it is good for hepatic disorders. The circulatory system also benefits from the oil because it helps normalize blood pressure and helps combat hardening of the arteries. Rosemary is good for rheumatic and muscular pain, especially tired and over worked muscles. It has a warming effect on cold limbs and is helpful in the winter for rheumatism aggravated by cold. Rosemary has a stimulating effect on the nerves and is beneficial for all nervous disorders including hysteria, and paralysis.

The other benefits of rosemary include a positive effect on menstrual cramps, an excellent skin tonic, a stimulant for the scalp to encourage hair growth and provides treatment for dandruff and greasy hair. The emotional benefits of Rosemary include its ability to clear the mind and the emotions promoting mental clarity. It also provides an uplifting boost to confidence.

Safety data

Non-toxic, non-irritant (in dilution), and non-sensitizing. Rosemary should not be used during pregnancy or by epileptics. The oil should be used with caution if suffering from high blood pressure, hypertension or insomnia. Skin irritation may occur with sensitive individuals.

Components

Pinene, camphene, cineol, borneols, camaphos, resisn, saponin.

ROSEWOOD ANIBA ROSAEODORA

Grounding, balancing, reviving, stabilizing and comforting to the emotions. A great oil to steady the mind, and ideal for exams. Seductive floral woody perfume.

A relaxing and meditative oil with sensual properties, soothing and comforting to body and mind. Encourages feelings of well being. Helps ageing, dry and itchy skin. Sweet woody fragrance.

Pterocarpus santalius or santalum rubrum (red sandalwood) is solely used for coloring and dyeing. Other varieties come from the Sandwich islands, Western Australia and New Caledonia. The Australian variety (S. picatum or Eucarya spicata) produces a very similar oil but with a dry, bitter top note. The West Indian Sandalwood or Amyris (amyris balsamifera) is a poor imitation and bears no botanical relation to the East Indian sandalwood. When buying Sandalwood oil, one should make sure that it is not Australian or West Indian. Oils from these sources have little therapeutic value. Vietnam and New Caledonia have well controlled plantations of genuine Sandalwood. The best quality oil comes from the Indian province of Mysore, where the Sandalwood trees are protected by the state government.

History / Traditions

Sandalwood has an 4,000 year history documented in Sanskrit and Chinese manuscripts. The oil was used in religious rituals and many deities and temples were carved from its wood. The wood is soft to carve and offers fragrant carvings. The ancient Egyptians imported the wood and used it in medicine, embalming and ritual burning to worship the gods. The base note of this oil lingers for a long period. In India, temples built of Sandalwood centuries ago still emit the odor of this wood.

The true sandalwood (Santalum Album) is an evergreen, semi-parasitic tree native to southern Asia. The tree is medium sized, 12-15 meters, maturing at 40-50 years. This is when the center of the slender trunk has achieved its greatest oil content. The heartwood and roots are fragrant and contain the oil, the bark and sapwood are odorless. The tree has leathery leaves and small pinkish purple flowers. The trees must be at least 30 years old before it produces essential oil.

Extraction

The heartwood and roots are used for both wood and in the production of volatile oil.

Details of Oil

Once the oil has been distilled, it is matured for six months. It develops from a very pale yellow to a brownish yellow. It is extremely thick and viscous with a heavy, sweet, woody and fruity aroma.

Properties

Bitter, astringent, and slightly sweet. It is a urinary and pulmonary antiseptic, astirnging, restoring, relaxing, disinfecting, soothing, and calming.

Physical Effects

The oil is one of the main remedies in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. In Europe, it is used mostly in soaps and perfumery. Its sweet, powerful, lasting odor makes it an excellent fixative in perfume. It is usually safe for use during pregnancy and has minimal chronic toxicity. It is also an oil that can be applied undiluted as a perfume. It is non toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitizing.

Uses

The oil is a powerful urinary antiseptic. It is a pulmonary antiseptic useful in the treatment of dry, persistent coughs. The soothing of sore throats is an effective application for the oil. It also has a strong effect on other throat conditions such as laryngitis. Other uses include dry eczema, relief of itching and inflammations, sensitive skin, tension, stress, nausea, vomiting and sunstroke.

Components

The oil includes 80 to 90% terpeniod alcohols. These include alpha-santalol and beta santalol, which is a mixture of two primary sesquiterpenic alcohols. Also, santalic and teresantalic acid, aldehyde, pterocarpin and hydrocarbons, isovaleric aldehyde, santene, and santenone.

TEA TREE MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA

An effective oil with powerful antiseptic properties. It benefits the immune system, disinfects, deodorizes, and strengthens during the winter months and convalescence. Very helpful in skin care and currently very popular for a number of uses. A tree or shrub with needle like leaves and heads of sessile pale flowers. It is native to Australia, but other varieties have been cultivated elsewhere.

Due to its unique composition, Tea Tree oil displays a number of remarkable properties making a very effective oil for a wide range of complaints. What makes Tea Tree outstanding in comparison to other remedies is that it is active against all three varieties of infectious organisms: Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses. Independent microbiological testing has confirmed the effectiveness of Tea Tree oil in fighting infection.

History / Traditions

The narrow-leafed paper bark Tea Tree is one member of an extensive botanical family, the Myrtaceae. All plants belonging to this family are aromatic because they have glandular dots in their leaves which, when crushed, release essential oils of varying amounts and constituents. There is a large group of plants in Australia known collectively as Tea Trees. The fact that the same name is commonly used to describe a very diverse and wide spread botanical group of plants has led to some confusion. Aborigines used a number of tea trees in medicine for coughs and colds. The leaves were crushed and inhaled or soaked to make an infusion. Leaf washes were applied to painful areas, sores and burns.

Extraction

Essential oil is produced by steam or water distillation from the leaves and twigs.

Details of Oil

A pale yellow-green or water-white mobile liquid with a warm fresh, spicy-camphoraceous aroma.

Aromatherapy Uses

Skin Care: Abscess, acne, athlete's foot, blisters, burns, cold sores, dandruff, herpes, insect bites, oily skin, rashes (nappy rash), spots, verrucae, warts, wounds.

Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, sinusitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough.

Genito-urinary System: Thrush, vaginitis, cystitis, pruitis.

Immune System: Colds, fever, flu, infectious illnesses such as chicken pox.

Antiseptic / Bacterial Properties

Treatment of cuts, burns, insect bites, infected splinters and all kinds of wounds. As an antiseptic, it is valuable for general skin care, spots, acne and blackheads. As a general disinfectant, it is especially useful for respiratory or genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. bronchitis, sinusitis or cystitis).

Anti-fungal Properties: Tea Tree is an effective treatment for ringworm, athletes foot, and thrush (candida). It has also been used to combat fungal diseases affecting animals, fish and plants.

Anti-viral Properties: Viruses are the invading organisms responsible for most epidemic illnesses. As a powerful anti-viral agent, Tea Tree is effective in fighting many common infectious diseases such as measles, chicken pox, flu, cold and shingles, as well as other viral complaints (i.e. cold sores and warts).

Immuno-stimulant Properties: Tea Tree is of great value as a preventative remedy to help the body fight off all kinds of infection. Especially important if the body is already in a weakened condition brought on by either stress, illness or the use of antibiotics or other drugs which have lowered the body's natural resistance levels. It can be helpful to those who need to build up their strength before a surgical operation or for those suffering from chronic or long standing debilitating illness. Its possible application to AIDS is also currently being researched.

Blends

Lavandin, Lavender, Clary-sage, Rosemary, Oak moss, Pine, Cananga, Geranium, Marjoram and spice oils (especially clove and nutmeg).

Safety

Non-toxic, non-irritant, possible sensitization in some individuals. The strength of Tea Tree oil should be respected and therefore large amounts should never be used undiluted on the body or in particularly sensitive areas.

Other uses

Tea tree oil is employed in soaps, toothpastes, deodorants, disinfectants, gargles, germicides and increasingly in aftershaves and spicy colognes.

Components

Terpinene-4-01 (up to 30%), cineol, pinene, terpinenes, cymene, sesquiterpenes, sespuiterpene alcohols.

THYME THYMUS VULGARIS

A stimulating and protecting oil that has a strengthening effect on the the nerves. Ideal for the treatment of physical and mental exhaustion, and beneficial to the immune system. Warms with its pungent herbal aroma.

A perennial evergreen shrub growing to 45cms high with a woody root and branched upright stem. The plant has small greenish oval leaves and pale purple or white flowers. The aroma is rich, powerful, sweet, warm and herbaceous with a somewhat spicy aroma. Native to Spain and the Mediterranean region, it is now found throughout Asia Minor, Algeria, Turkey, Tunisia, Israel, the USA Russia, China and central Europe. The oil is mainly produced in Spain, but also becoming common in France, Greece, Israel, Morocco, Algeria, Germany and the USA.

History / Traditions

Used by the ancient Egyptians in the embalming process and by the Greeks to fumigate against infectious diseases. Thyme was one of the earliest medicinal herbs of the Mediterranean region. The name derives from the Greek "thymos" meaning "to perfume". It is also long established as a culinary herb.

Extraction

The essential oil is extracted by steam distillation from the fresh or partly dried leaves and flowering tops.

Details of Oil

Red thyme oil is a red, brown or orange liquid with a warm, spicy-herbaceous and powerful aroma. White thyme oil is a clear or pale yellow liquid with a sweet, green, fresh and milder scent. It blends well with bergamot, lemon, rosemary, melisa, lavender, marjoram, peru balsam and pine.

Other Uses

There are many chemotypes of thyme oil: notably the 'thymol' and 'carvacol' types (warming and active). In Western medicine, the main application has been in the treatment of digestive complaints, respiratory problems and the prevention and treatment of infection.

Muscles joints and circulation: Rheumatism, muscular aches and pains, cellulites, arthritis, sprains, anemia.

Skin: Insect bites, lice, scabies, dermatitis, eczema, cuts, bruises, acne, abscess, cellulites, gum infection, athletes foot, and wounds.

Respiratory: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, laryngitis, sinusitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, flu, whooping cough, and throat infections.

Digestive system: Diarrhoea, dyspepsia, and flatulence.

Genito-urinary system: Cystitis and urethritis.

Immune system: Infectious diseases, staphylococcus, physical an psychological weakness.

Nervous system: Headaches, insomnia, nervous debility, neurasthenia and stress related complaints. Helps to revive the body and the mind.

Reproductive system: Vaginitis

Usage

The oil can be used as a massage oil (diluted with a carrier), as an inhalation, in a diffuser or vaporizer.

Safety data

Thymus Vulgaris is a skin irritant in high concentration. It should not be used with epileptic conditions, hyperthyroidism, high blood pressure or during pregnancy (because it is a euterine stimulant). Red thyme oil, serpolet (from wild thyme), 'thymol' and 'carvacrol' type oils all contain quite large amounts of toxic phenols (carvacol and thymol). They can irritate mucous membranes, cause dermal irritation and may cause sensitization in some individuals. Use in moderation and in low dilution. They are best avoided during pregnancy. Lemon Thyme and 'linalol' types are in general less toxic, non-irritating and with less possibility of sensitization. Safe for use on the skin and with children.

Components

Thymol and cavacrol (up to 60%) cymene, camphene, borneol, linalol. Depending upon the source, it can also contain geraniol, citral and thuyanol.

An exotic and sensual oil with relaxing qualities. Soothes and uplifts and has a regulating effect on excited and nervous conditions. Good for both oily and dry skin. Sweet heady floral aroma. This plant is native to tropical Asia and is produced from the flowers of the Annonaceae family. The oil is grown commercially in Madagascar, the Philippines and Reunion islands. The essential oil is produced from the flowers year round. These flowers are yellow and star shaped in form.

Extraction of the oil

Four grades of oil are available reflecting the distillation process and can produce inconsistent standards. The oil is graded into four grades or distillations with 'extra' being the finest.

Properties

Ylang Ylang is a deeply relaxing fragrance with a long tradition of use in men's fragrances. The oil also has a balancing effect allowing strong emotions to be moderated. The oil also has a rejuvenating effect upon skin and hair. Good quality Ylang Ylang will have a smooth aroma which is not overly strong and which lacks the thick, dominant sweetness of some distillations.

Usage

Ylang Ylang is used for its calming effects. A few drops in a massage oil or a soothing bath brings great soothing benefits. Ylang Ylang is best used in moderation. When blended, the oil requires from some time to mature and develop. Blended oils benefit from a lower dilution of Ylang than with many other essential oils.

* Oily Skin or Acne Prone *
Tea Tree
Chamomile
Lavender and Rose

* Dry Skin *
Patchouli Lavender and Bergamot

* Normal Skin *
Bergamot,
Lavender and RoseGeranium
-----------------------------------------------

1 egg (beaten)

1/2 tsp olive oil

1 T flour 1/4 tsp sea salt

1 T whole milk

Mix all ingredients until creamy and well blended.

Spread the mixture over your face and neck and leave

on for 15 minutes. Rinse with cool water.